PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENURUNAN UNSCHEDULED BREAKDOWN PADA ENGINE DUMP TRUCK KOMATSU HD 785-7 MENGGUNAKAN METODE RISK-BASED MAINTENANCE DAN CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT

KURNIARTANTO, RIZKA ROKHIM (2026) PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENURUNAN UNSCHEDULED BREAKDOWN PADA ENGINE DUMP TRUCK KOMATSU HD 785-7 MENGGUNAKAN METODE RISK-BASED MAINTENANCE DAN CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Unit Dump Truck Komatsu HD785-7 di PT HGF menunjukkan tren peningkatan frekuensi unscheduled breakdown pada komponen engine, yang berdampak pada penurunan Physical Availability Unit. Berdasarkan data periode Januari–September 2025, total downtime engine tercatat sebesar 1.094,9 jam, dengan dua subsistem utama penyumbang terbesar yaitu Fuel System sebesar 521,7 jam (47,6%) dan Engine Electrical System sebesar 337,4 jam (30,8%). Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya penerapan strategi pemeliharaan yang lebih terarah dan berbasis risiko untuk menekan frekuensi serta durasi kerusakan yang tidak terencana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan dan mengimplementasikan strategi pemeliharaan yang efektif dalam menurunkan unscheduled breakdown pada engine Komatsu HD785-7. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) yang dilakukan melalui Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Untuk mendapatkan peringkat komponen kritis pada engine system. Selanjutnya digunakan metode PDCA Continous Improvement untuk mengebangkan alternatif Solusi strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunka Unscheduled breakdown pada Engine HD 785-7. Data unscheduled breakdown diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan dan Daily Breakdown Report pada periode Januari–Desember 2025. Prosedur analisis dilakukan secara bertahap, dimulai dari identifikasi subsistem penyumbang downtime terbesar, kemudian penentuan komponen kritis menggunakan FMEA berdasarkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN), serta penyusunan langkah perbaikan melalui penerapan siklus PDCA. Analisis risiko juga dilengkapi dengan penggunaan Risk Matrix untuk memetakan tingkat risiko masing-masing unit dan menghasilkan peringkat risiko pada 56 unit Komatsu HD785-7. Dari peringkat resiko yang didapat dari risk matrix ditentukan 3 unit sebagai pilot project Implementasi PDCA meliputi tahap Plan berupa identifikasi akar penyebab dan perencanaan tindakan perbaikan, Do berupa pelaksanaan tindakan korektif dan modifikasi teknis, Check sebagai evaluasi hasil perbaikan berdasarkan data aktual, dan Act untuk standardisasi hasil perbaikan untuk penerapan jangka panjang. Hasil FMEA ada dua sub system engine dengan Tingkat resiko tinggi yaitu fuel filter dengan nilai RPN 315 dan nilai RPN Engine Electrical System 360 .untuk menentukan prioritas 3 unit yang akan dijadikan pilot digunakan Risk matrik yang menghasilkan HD78177, HD78205, HD78205 sebagai 3 unit pilot yang akan diberikan perlakuan perbaikan .Hasil implementasi PDCA pada tiga unit pilot menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada Fuel System dan Engine Electrical System. Perbaikan ini tercermin dari kinerja unit pada periode dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal yaitu Januari sampai September 2025 downtime rata -rata HD78177 sebesar 12,24 Jam , HD78205 sebesar 5,27 jam, HD78188 sebesar 4,02 jam menunjukan Perbaukan pada Bulan November dan Desember 2025 dimana downtime rata -rata Fuel System tercapi 0 jam. Pada Electrical System pada bulan januarisampai September downtime rata -rata HD78177 sebesar 1,67 Jam , HD78205 sebesar 1,78 jam, HD78188 sebesar 0,67 jam menunjukan Perbaukan pada Bulan November dan Desember 2025 dimana downtime rata -rata Engine Electrical System tercapi 0 jam Selama periode evaluasi, tidak tercatat kejadian breakdown pada komponen Fuel Filter dan Engine Electrical, yang menunjukkan efektivitas tindakan korektif yang dilakukan. Secara keseluruhan, penerapan kombinasi metode RBM–PDCA terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan frekuensi unscheduled breakdown, meningkatkan keandalan sistem engine, serta memperkuat penerapan pemeliharaan preventif di lingkungan PT HGF. Strategi ini direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan secara lebih luas pada unit-unit serupa sebagai langkah peningkatan berkelanjutan dalam manajemen pemeliharaan alat berat. Kata Kunci : Komatsu HD 785-7, Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM), Continuous Improvement (CI), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), PDCA. ABSTRACT The Komatsu HD785-7 Dump Truck units operated by PT HGF have shown an increasing trend in the frequency of unscheduled breakdowns within the engine components, which has negatively impacted the units’ Physical Availability. Based on data from January to September 2025, the total engine downtime was recorded at 1,094.9 hours, with two main subsystems contributing the largest portions: the Fuel System with 521.7 hours (47.6%) and the Engine Electrical System with 337.4 hours (30.8%). These conditions indicate the necessity of implementing a more targeted and risk-based maintenance strategy to reduce the frequency and duration of unplanned failures. This study aims to formulate and implement an effective maintenance strategy to reduce unscheduled breakdowns in Komatsu HD785-7 engine systems. The research employed the Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) method, integrated with Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to determine the ranking of critical engine components, and the PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) Continuous Improvement approach to develop corrective strategies for minimizing unscheduled breakdowns. Data were obtained through field observations and Daily Breakdown Reports covering the period January–December 2025. The analysis procedure consisted of several stages: identifying subsystems with the highest contribution to downtime, determining critical components through FMEA using the Risk Priority Number (RPN), and formulating corrective actions through the PDCA cycle. A Risk Matrix was also applied to map the risk levels across 56 Komatsu HD785-7 units, from which three pilot units (HD78177, HD78205, and HD78188) were selected for PDCA implementation. The PDCA process consisted of the Plan phase (root cause identification and action planning), Do (execution of corrective and technical improvements), Check (evaluation of improvement results using actual data), and Act (standardization for long-term application). The FMEA results identified two engine subsystems with the highest risk levels: the Fuel Filter with an RPN value of 315, and the Engine Electrical System with an RPN of 360. Following the PDCA implementation on the three pilot units, significant improvements were observed in both the Fuel and Electrical Systems. During the baseline period (January–September 2025), the average Fuel System downtime reached 12.24 hours for HD78177, 5.27 hours for HD78205, and 4.02 hours for HD78188. After the improvement phase (November–December 2025), the average Fuel System downtime reached 0 hours for all pilot units. Similarly, the Engine Electrical System showed reductions from 1.67 hours, 1.78 hours, and 0.67 hours respectively to 0 hours post-implementation. No breakdown events were recorded for the Fuel Filter or Engine Electrical components during the evaluation period, confirming the effectiveness of the corrective actions. Overall, the integration of RBM and PDCA methods proved effective in reducing unscheduled breakdowns, enhancing engine reliability, and strengthening preventive maintenance practices at PT HGF. This strategy is recommended for broader implementation across similar units as part of a sustainable improvement program in heavy equipment maintenance management. Keyword : Komatsu HD 785-7, Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM), Continuous Improvement (CI), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), PDCA.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Keyword : Komatsu HD 785-7, Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM), Continuous Improvement (CI), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), PDCA.
Subjects: Engineering > Industrial Engineering
Divisions: Program Pasca Sarjana > Teknik Industri S2 > Teknik Industri S2(Tesis)
Depositing User: Rizka Rokhim Kurniartanto
Date Deposited: 05 Aug 2026 07:06
Last Modified: 05 Aug 2026 07:06
URI: http://eprints.itn.ac.id/id/eprint/16333

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